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upper cycle

Толкование Перевод

1 upper cycle
1. верхняя ступень бинарного цикла
верхняя ступень бинарного цикла
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики
- энергетика в целом
EN
- upper cycle
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > upper cycle
2 engine

двигатель; мотор; машина

bank into the dead engine — накреняться в сторону неработающего двигателя

bring the engine up to full power — выводить двигатель на режим полной тяги

buzz up an engine — жарг. запускать двигатель

clean the engine — прогазовывать [прочищать] двигатель (кратковременной даней газа)

close down the engine — полностью убирать газ

continuous flow gas turbine engine — двигатель с осевым компрессором

engine engine in military — двигатель на боевом режиме

engine of bypass ratio 10: 1 — двигатель с коэффициентом [степенью] двухконтурности 10:1

equivalent engine in parts — комплект деталей для одного двигателя

flight discarded jet engine — реактивный двигатель, отработавший лётный ресурс

fluorine(-propel lant rocket) engine — ЖРД на жидком фторе

kick the engine over — разг. запускать двигатель

knock out the engine — выводить двигатель из строя

liquid-hydrogen(-fueled) rocket engine — водородный ЖРД

lunar module ascent engine — подъёмный двигатель лунного модуля [отсека]

monofuel rocket engine — ЖРД на однокомпонентном [унитарном] топливе

multibarreled rocket engine — многокамерный ЖРД

open the engine up — давать газ, увеличивать тягу или мощность двигателя

prepackaged liquid propellant engine — ЖРД на топливе длительного хранения; заранее снаряжаемый ЖРД

production(-standard, -type) engine — серийный двигатель, двигатель серийного образца [типа]

pull the engine out of afterburner — выключать форсаж

rear fuselage (mounted) engine — двигатель в хвостовой части фюзеляжа

return and landing engine — ксм. двигатель для возвращения и посадки

reversed rocket engine — тормозной ракетный двигатель; ксм. тормозная двигательная установка

run up the engine — опробовать [«гонять»] двигатель

secure the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель

shut down the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель

shut off the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель

solid(-fuel, -grain) rocket engine — ракетный двигатель твёрдого топлива

stability guidance jet engine — двигатель реактивной системы стабилизации и управления

throttle back the engine — (за)дросселировать двигатель

turn the engine over — проворачивать [прокручивать] двигатель [вал двигателя]

twin-spool compressor turbojet engine — ТРД с двухкаскадным компрессором

two-thrust chamber rocket engine — двухкамерный ЖРД

with one engine cut — с одним неработающим двигателем

with one engine out — с одним неработающим двигателем

with the engine running — с работающим двигателем

with two engines lost — при двух отказавших двигателях

— ablation-protected engine

— ablative engine

— abort engine

— accelerating rocket engine

— acid-cooled rocket engine

— actual engine

— adjustable-thrust rocket engine

— aerojet engine

— aeropulse engine

— aerothermodynamic integration engine

— afterburning engine

— aft-fan engine

— ailing engine

— air engine

— airborne rocket engine

— air-breathing engine

— air-burning engine

— air-collection engine

— air-feed engine

— air-jet engine

— airline engine

— airplane engine

— airstream engine

— alcohol engine

— all-attitude engine

— all-fuel engine

— ancillary engine

— annihilation rocket engine

— antispin rocket engine

— apogee engine

— arcjet engine

— arresting engine

— ascent engine

— assist-climb rocket engine

— assisted takeoff engine

— atmospheric jet engine

— attitude-control engine

— augmented turbofan engine

— auxiliary rocket engine

— axial engine

— axial-centrifugal-flow engine

— axial-flow engine

— bare engine

— barrel engine

— basic engine

— below-wing engine

— bench engine

— bifuel rocket engine

— bipropellant rocket engine

— bleedoff rocket engine

— block-cast engine

— booster engine

— bottom engine

— brake engine

— braking engine

— buried engine

— burned engine

— bypass engine

— calibrated engine

— calibrated-thrust engine

— capacitative-cooled engine

— capsular engine

— carburetted engine

— carburettor engine

— center engine

— centrifugal-flow engine

— ceramic-coated engine

— cesium-ion engine

— chemical fuel engine

— chemical-ignition engine

— cigarette-burning rocket engine

— clear the engine

— closed-cycle engine

— clustered engine

— coaxial plasma engine

— cold engine

— cold-jet engine

— cold-reaction engine

— combustion engine

— composite engine

— compound engine

— compressorless engine

— conk-out engine

— constant-duty engine

— constant-speed engine

— constant-thrust engine

— control engine

— controllable-thrust engine

— cooled engine

— core engine

— coupled engines

— cowled engine

— critical engine

— cruise engine

— cruising engine

— cryogenic engine

— cut the engine

— dead engine

— deflected-thrust engine

— demonstrator engine

— deorbit engine

— descent engine

— development engine

— direct-drive engine

— direct-injection engine

— direct-lift engine

— disintegrating engine

— diverted-jet engine

— docking engine

— double-flow engine

— double-nozzled engine

— double-row engine

— double-unit engine

— down-rated engine

— downwind engine

— driving engine

— droppable engine

— dry engine

— dry-fuel rocket engine

— dry-sump engine

— dual function engine

— dual-chamber rocket engine

— dual-flow engine

— dual-thrust rocket engine

— ducted rocket engine

— ducted-fan engine

— duplex engine

— earth-satellite engine

— ejection-seat rocket engine

— ejector-seat rocket engine

— electrical rocket engine

— electric-ignition engine

— electromagnetic jet engine

— electrostatic rocket engine

— electrothermal jet engine

— end-burning rocket engine

— engine got sick

— engine out

— environmental engine

— escape rocket engine

— evaporative-cooled engine

— expendable engine

— expended engine

— explosive engine

— external engine

— external-burning engine

— failed engine

— fan engine

— fan-afterburner engine

— fan-burning jet engine

— fast-response rocket engine

— feathered engine

— film-cooled engine

— final-stage rocket engine

— finite-thrust engine

— finned-rocket engine

— first-stage engine

— fixed-geometry engine

— flame-ignition rocket engine

— flameout engine

— flat engine

— flat-rated engine

— flat-rating engine

— flight-cleared engine

— flight-qualified engine

— flight-type engine

— flightworthy engine

— flyable engine

— forced-induction engine

— forward-facing rocket engine

— forward-firing rocket engine

— forward-thrust jet engine

— four-chamber engine

— four-stroke engine

— free-turbine engine

— front-fan engine

— fuel-optimal engine

— full-scale engine

— full-sized engine

— fuselage-mounted engine

— gas-generator engine

— gasoline engine

— gas-pressurized rocket engine

— gas-turbine engine

— geared engine

— gearless engine

— good engine

— gun an engine

— healthy engine

— heat engine

— heat-sponge engine

— helicopter engine

— helium-injection engine

— high-bypass ratio engine

— high-compression-ratio engine

— higher-powered engine

— highly developed engine

— high-performance engine

— high-power engine

— high-pressure engine

— high-speed engine

— high-thrust engine

— high-time engine

— honeycomb engine

— horizontal-mounted engine

— hot engine

— hot peroxide engine

— hot-reaction rocket engine

— hybrid engine

— hybrid-propellant engine

— hydrazine engine

— hydrogen-burning engine

— hydrogen-electrothermal engine

— hydrogen-fluorine engine

— hydrogen-oxygen engine

— hydrogen-peroxide engine

— hydrojet engine

— hypergolic engine

— hypersonic engine

— hypothetical engine

— ideal-cycle engine

— idling engine

— ignite the engine

— impulse-duct engine

— impulse-rocket engine

— inboard engine

— inhibited engine

— injected engine

— in-line engine

— inoperative engine

— installed engine

— intermittent-cycle engine

— intermittent-detonation engine

— internal engine

— internal-combustion engine

— interplanetary engine

— inverted vee engine

— ionic engine

— ionospheric ramjet engine

— isentropic engine

— jato engine

— jet attitude engine

— jet-propulsion engine

— jet transport engine

— jet-control engine

— jet-lift engine

— jettison engine

— jumbo engine

— kerosene-burning engine

— kerosene-fueled engine

— kick engine

— kill the engine

— lander engine

— lateral-burning rocket engine

— launch vehicle engine

— launching rocket engine

— left-handed engine

— lift jet engine

— lift/propulsion engine

— lift/thrust engine

— lift-cruise engine

— liftoff engine

— lightweight engine

— limited-life engine

— limited-thrust engine

— liquid-air engine

— liquid-chemical rocket engine

— liquid-cooled engine

— liquid-fuelrocket engine

— liquid-oxygen rocket engine

— liquid-propellant rocket engine

— liquid-solid rocket engine

— liquid-sustainer engine

— live engine

— long-burning engine

— long-duration engine

— long-life engine

— long-period engine

— long-stroke engine

— low-altitude engine

— low-consumption engine

— lower-powered engine

— low-mounted engine

— low-noise-level engine

— low-performance engine

— low-pressure engine

— low-thrust engine

— lox/liquid hydrogen engine

— lunar engine

— lunar module engine

— lunar rover engine

— lunar-descent engine

— lunar-takeoff engine

— magnetic-pinch plasma engine

— magnetogasdynamie engine

— magnetohydrodynamic engine

— main engine

— main propulsion engine

— malfunctioning engine

— maneuvering engine

— master engine

— matched engine

— microrocket engine

— midcourse correction engine

— middle engine

— military engine

— missile engine

— modular engine

— monopropellant rocket engine

— monopropellant-plus-fuel engine

— movable engine

— multibank engine

— multichamber rocket engine

— multifuel engine

— multilift engines

— multiple engine

— multiple-beam ion engine

— multiple-chamber rocket engine

— multiple-nozzle engine

— multirow engine

— multi-unit rocket engine

— nacelle-mounted engine

— nameplate engine

— nonafterburning engine

— noncryogenic engine

— nonexpendable engine

— nonregenerative engine

— non-supercharged engine

— nonthrottleable engine

— nonthrust rocket engine

— nuclear-electric engine

— nuclear-fission engine

— one-flow engine

— one-shaft engine

— one-shot engine

— one-spool engine

— open-cycle engine

— operational engine

— opposed-cylinder engine

— opposed-piston engine

— orbital module engine

— orbiter engine

— orbiting ramjet engine

— ordnance turbojet engine

— orienting-thrust engine

— outboard engine

— outer engine

— outer-space engine

— overcooled engine

— oversized engine

— oxidizer-cooled rocket engine

— paired engine

— paper engine

— parallel booster engines

— peroxide engine

— petrol engine

— photon engine

— pickle an engine

— pilot engine

— piston-driven engine

— pitch-control jet engine

— pivoted engine

— plasma engine

— plasmajet engine

— plenum-chamber-burning engine

— plug-in engine

— plug-nozzle engine

— podded engine

— pod-mounted engine

— porous-cooled engine

— powder rocket engine

— powerful engine

— power-limited engine

— preproduction engine

— pressure-feed engine

— propellant-cooled engine

— propulsion engine

— propulsive jet engine

— pulse reaction engine

— pulsejet engine

— pump-fed rocket engine

— pure lift engine

— pylon-mounted engine

— quadruple-chamber rocket engine

— quantum engine

— quiet engine

— race the engine

— radial engine

— radioisotope engine

— ramjet engine

— rato engine

— RCS engine

— reaction propulsion engine

— real engine

— reciprocating engine

— recombination ramjet engine

— refractory-liner rocket engine

— regenerative engine

— regeneratively-cooled engine

— reheated engine

— relight the engine

— rematched engine

— remotely-controlled engine

— replace the engine

— replacement engine

— research engine

— resonant jet engine

— restartable engine

— restricted-burning rocket engine

— retarding rocket engine

— retractable engine

— retrofire rocket engine

— retrograde rocket engine

— retrorocket engine

— retrothrust engine

— return engine

— reusable engine

— reversed engine

— reverse-thrust rocket engine

— right-handed engine

— ring engine

— rocket engine

— rocket-ramjet engine

— roll-control jet engine

— rotary engine

— rotatable-nozzles engine

— rough-running engine

— rubber engine

— run down engine

— running engine

— satellite-like engine

— scaled-down engine

— scaled-up engine

— sealed rocket engine

— sea-level engine

— secondary engine

— second-stage engine

— segmented-rocket engine

— selfcontained-rocket engine

— separable engine

— separation engine

— series-produced engine

— service engine

— service propulsion engine

— shaft-turbine engine

— short-burning engine

— short-duration engine

— short-life engine

— short-period engine

— short-stroke engine

— shut-down engine

— shuttle engine

— side engine

— side-burning rocket engine

— simulated failed engine

— single-barrelled rocket engine

— single-chamber rocket engine

— single-nozzle engine

— single-row engine

— single-shaft engine

— single-shot engine

— single-start engine

— sleeve-valve engine

— smoke-free engine

— smokeless engine

— smoky engine

— solar engine

— solid sustainer engine

— solid-liquid rocket engine

— solid-propellant boost engine

— solid-propellant rocket engine

— space engine

— space shuttle engine

— space vehicle engine

— spaceborne engine

— spacecraft engine

— spare engine

— spark-ignition engine

— spindown engine

— spinup engine

— split-compressor engine

— stage engine

— stage-one engine

— start the engine

— starting engine

— station-keeping engine

— steam-burning rocket engine

— steerable rocket engine

— steering engine

— stopcock the engine

— storable liquid-propellant engine

— straight-jet engine

— strap-on engine

— study engine

— submerged engine

— subscale engine

— subsonic jet engine

— supercharged engine

— supercompression engine

— superperformance engine

— supersonic combustion engine

— supersonic jet engine

— supplementary engine

— surge-free engine

— sustainer engine

— sustaining engine

— sweat-cooled engine

— swiveling engine

— swiveling-nozzle engine

— symmetrically opposite engine

— tail-mounted engine

— takeoff rocket engine

— tandem boost engine

— test engine

— testbed engine

— thermal-jet engine

— thermionic engine

— thermochemical rocket engine

— thermojet engine

— thermonuclear rocket engine

— three-barreled engine

— three-chambered engine

— three-shaft engine

— three-spool engine

— throttleable engine

— throttled back engine

— thrust engine

— tiltable engine

— tilting engine

— tiny engine

— tip engine

— trajectory-correction engine

— transonic engine

— transpiration-cooled rocket engine

— transtage engine

— traveling-wave plasma engine

— tri-chamber engine

— trim rocket engine

— triple-barreled engine

— triple-chamber engine

— turbine engine

— turboelectric engine

— turbofan engine

— turbofanramjet engine

— turbofed engine

— turbojet engine

— turboprop engine

— turbopump rocket engine

— turboram rocket engine

— turboramjet engine

— turborocket engine

— turbosupercharged engine

— twin-combustion-chamber engine

— twin-shaft engine

— two-chamber engine

— two-dimensional-ion engine

— two-propellants rocket engine

— two-row engine

— two-segment engine

— two-shaft engine

— two-spool engine

— uncooled rocket engine

— underslung engine

— underwing engine

— unreheated engine

— unrestricted-burning rocket engine

— unsegmented engine

— unsilenced engine

— unsupercharged engine

— upper-stage engine

— uprated engine

— upwind engine

— V/STOL engine

— valveless engine

— vapor-cycle-cooled engine

— vaporization-cooled engine

— variable-geometry engine

— variable-thrust engine

— vectorable engine

— vectored-thrust engine

— vee engine

— vernier engine

— vertical lift engine

— vertical-mounted engine

— vibration-free engine

— Wankel engine

— warmed engine

— water-cooled engine

— water-injection engine

— wet-sump engine

— widely-throttleable engine

— wing pod engine

— wing-mounted engine

— wing-root-buried engine

— wingtip-mounted engine

— wlndmllling engine

— wraparound boost engine

— zero-stage engine

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > engine
3 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
4 rocket

1) ракета || (за)пускать ракету

2) ракетный двигатель (см. тж.
propulsion)

3) выводить ракетой ( спутник) на орбиту

•

-
antihail rocket
-
antimatter annihilation rocket
-
antimatter rocket
-
chaff rocket
-
closed-cycle gas-core nuclear rocket
-
colloidal nuclear rocket
-
colloidal rocket
-
colloidal-particle ion rocket
-
continuous-wave laser rocket
-
cryogenic rocket
-
detonation-wave rocket
-
dual-expander rocket
-
electric-detonation rocket
-
fully ionized plasma rocket
-
fusion pulse rocket
-
fusion rocket
-
gas-core nuclear rocket
-
high-temperature plasma rocket
-
hybrid plume plasma rocket
-
inertial-fusion rocket
-
laser energy-propelled rocket
-
laser fusion rocket
-
laser-induced fusion microexplosions rocket
-
laser fusion microexplosions rocket
-
laser-sustained detonation-wave rocket
-
liquid-core nuclear rocket
-
liquid-propellant rocket
-
matter annihilation rocket
-
nuclear pulse rocket
-
nuclear-fission rocket
-
nuclear-fusion pulse rocket
-
open-cycle gas-core nuclear rocket
-
optimally tuned rocket
-
orbit-to-orbit rocket
-
plasma rocket
-
plasma-ion rocket
-
pressure-fed rocket
-
pulsed-laser-heated rocket
-
pulse-nuclear rocket
-
pump-fed rocket
-
radioisotope rocket
-
ram-augmented interstellar rocket
-
repetitively pulse-laser rocket
-
solar energy-propelled rocket
-
solid-core nuclear rocket
-
sounding rocket
-
thermonuclear fusion rocket
-
thermonuclear microbombs-ignited rocket
-
upper-stage rocket
-
weather rocket

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > rocket
5 graph

1) граф

2) график || строить график

3) диаграмма || чертить диаграмму

4) одномерный комплекс

•

graph with loops — граф с петлями

graph with rotation — граф с вращением

graph with a source — граф с источником

graph without circuits — граф без контуров

graph without loops — граф без петель

- abstract graph

- across terminal graph

- adjacency graph

- afunctional graph

- algebraic graph

- almost complete graph graph
- alternating composition graph
- alternative graph

- ambiguous graph

- antibalanced graph

- antipodal graph

- antisymmetric graph

- arbitrarily traceable graph
- arbitrarily transversable graph
- arbitrary graph

- arc-weighted graph

- area probability graph

- associated graph

- asymmetric graph

- augmented graph

- automaton graph

- automorphic graph

- auxiliary graph

- basic graph

- basin of graph

- biased graph

- bichromatic graph

- bicoherent graph

- bicolorable graph

- bicomplete graph

- bicubic graph

- bidegree graph

- bidirected graph

- bidirectional graph

- biplanar graph

- block graph

- bond graph

- bridge graph

- bridgeless graph

- broken-line graph

- cascade graph

- catenary graph

- cause-effect graph

- circle graph

- circuit closed graph

- circuit graph

- circuit symmetric graph

- circuit-free graph

- circuitless graph

- circulant graph

- circular-arc graph

- clique graph

- clusterable graph

- coderived graph

- coinitial graph

- column graph

- communication graph

- compact graph

- comparability graph

- comparison graph

- competition graph

- completely regular graph

- composite graph

- computer graph

- condensed graph

- conjugate graph

- contractible graph

- contrafunctional graph

- contriangulated graph

- convergent graph

- converse graph

- convex graph

- correction graph

- countable graph

- covering graph

- critical graph

- critically connected graph

- current graph

- curved graph

- cycle-balanced graph

- decomposable graph

- degenerate graph

- dense graph

- denumerable graph

- derivative graph
- derived graph
- descendance graph

- diametrically critical graph

- directed graph

- disconnected graph

- disjunctive graph

- divalent graph

- dotted graph

- double graph

- double logarithmic graph
- doubly connected graph - doubly transitive graph
- dual graph

- dually regular graph

- duobalanced graph

- edge graph

- edge-colorable graph

- edge-connected graph

- edge-critical graph

- edge-transitive graph

- edge-weighted graph

- embeddable graph

- empty graph

- entire graph

- enumerated graph

- equipathic graph

- error graph

- essential graph

- even graph

- exact graph

- expandable graph

- extended graph

- factorizable graph

- factorization of graph

- faithful graph

- feedback graph

- five-colorable graph

- five-colored graph

- fixed-point-free graph

- flexible graph

- four-colorable graph

- full line graph
- fully connected graph
- function graph

- fuzzy graph

- general graph

- generalized graph

- genetic graph

- genus of graph

- geometrical graph

- graph of distribution

- graph of equation

- graph of errors

- graph of function

- graph of game

- graph of inequality

- graph of manifold

- graph of mapping

- graph of operator

- heteromorphic graph

- hexavelent graph

- hierarchical graph

- high-low graph

- homeomorphic graph

- homeomorphically irreducible graph

- homogeneous graph

- hypercritical graph

- hyperoctahedral graph

- hyperprimitive graph

- hypoouterplanar graph

- identity graph

- implication graph

- incidence graph

- incomplete graph

- incremental graph

- indecomposable graph

- independence graph

- integrable graph

- interaction graph

- interchange graph

- intersection graph

- interval graph

- invariant graph

- inverse graph

- inverted graph

- irreducible graph

- irreflexive graph

- isolated graph

- isometric graph

- iterated graph

- knot graph

- ladder graph

- language graph

- lattice graph

- leftcentral graph

- leftcentralizing graph

- linearization graph

- line-rooted graph

- line-symmetric graph

- lobe graph

- local graph

- locally balanced graph

- locally convex graph
- locally countable graph - locally finite graph - locally restricted graph
- logarithmic graph

- logarithmic probability graph
- log-log graph
- loop graph

- loop-free graph

- magic graph

- marked graph

- matrix graph

- maximal graph

- metrically regular graph

- minimal graph

- minimally connected graph

- mixed graph

- multiple bar graph

- multistage graph

- multivalent graph

- mutation graph

- mutually connected graph

- n-chromatic graph

- n-colorable graph

- n-colored graph

- n-connected graph

- n-cyclable graph

- nearly regular graph

- nonbiplanar graph

- noncomplete graph

- noncritical graph

- nondirected graph

- nonfactorable graph

- nonoriented graph

- nonplanar graph

- nonseparable graph

- nonseparating graph

- nontoroidal graph

- nontransitive graph

- nontrivial graph

- normal graph

- normalized graph

- n-partite graph

- n-point graph

- nullity graph

- odd graph

- one-point graph

- operator graph

- order graph

- orderable graph

- ordinary graph

- orientable graph

- outer-embeddable graph

- overlap graph

- pair graph

- pancyclic graph

- parallax-correction graph

- partial graph

- partial order graph
- partially labeled graph - partially orderable graph
- partition of graph

- partitionable graph

- path-balanced graph

- path-symmetrical graph

- pentagonal graph

- perfect graph

- permutation graph

- point-symmetric graph

- point-to-point graph

- polygonal graph

- polyhedral graph

- polyhedron graph

- population graph

- position graph

- predication graph

- preference graph

- primary graph

- probability graph

- problem-solving graph

- progressively bounded graph
- progressively finite graph
- proof graph

- pruned graph

- pseudogeometric graph

- pseudonet graph

- pseudosymmetric graph

- pulse graph

- pure graph

- quadrangular graph

- quadratic lattice graph

- quadrupole graph

- quasiordered graph

- quasiseparable graph

- quotient graph

- radial graph

- radius of graph

- random graph

- rank graph

- ratio graph

- r-chromatic graph

- reconstructible graph

- rectangular graph

- red-blue graph

- reduced graph

- refutation graph

- regression graph

- regressively bounded graph
- regressively finite graph
- relational graph

- representation graph

- reproduction graph

- residual graph

- resolution graph

- retractible graph

- reverse graph

- rightcentral graph

- rightcentralizing graph

- rigid cycle graph

- rigid graph

- rotated graph

- row graph

- ruled graph

- sample graph

- scattering graph

- schedule graph

- self-complementary graph

- self-conjugate graph

- self-converse graph

- self-dual graph

- self-negational graph

- semicomplete graph

- semilogarithmic graph

- seminormal graph

- semioptimal graph

- semiregular graph

- sequence graph

- series-parallel graph

- sesquivalent graph

- shift graph

- signal graph

- signed graph

- simple graph

- simply rooted graph

- single graph

- skeleton graph

- skew graph

- smoothed graph

- solenoidal graph

- solid graph

- sparse graph

- special graph

- split graph

- star graph

- statistical graph

- stochastic graph

- straight-line graph

- strength of graph

- strictly unilateral graph
- strictly weak graph
- string graph

- strong graph

- strongly isomorphic graphs
- strongly orientable graph - strongly regular graph - strongly rigid graph - strongly singular graph - strongly smooth graph
- subdivision graph

- superperfect graph

- superposed graph

- symmetrized graph

- system graph

- tensor composite graph

- terminal graph

- tetrahedral graph

- thickness-minimal graph

- threshold graph

- through terminal graph

- time graph

- topological graph

- totally disconnected graph
- totally inductive graph
- tough graph

- transformation graph

- transmission graph

- traversable graph

- triangle graph

- triangle-free graph
- triangleless graph
- triangular graph

- triangularly embeddable graph

- tricolorable graph

- tripartite graph

- triply connected graph
- triply transitive graph
- trivalent graph

- trivially perfect graph

- two-partite graph

- two-sided graph

- two-terminal graph

- underlying graph

- unicursal graph

- unicyclic graph

- uniform graph

- unilateral graph

- unilaterally connected graph

- unimodular graph

- unipathic graph

- uniquely colorable graph
- uniquely intersectable graph - uniquely representable graph
- unistor graph

- unit interval graph

- unitary graph

- unitizing graph

- universal graph

- unlabeled graph

- unoriented graph

- upper embeddable graph

- utility graph

- vectorial graph

- vertex-bichromatic graph

- vertex-chromatic graph

- vertex-colorable graph

- vertex-connected graph

- vertex-critical graph

- vertex-transitive graph

- void graph

- vortex graph

- weak graph

- weakly connected graph
- weakly disconnected graph
- whole graph

- zero-symmetric graph

English-Russian scientific dictionary > graph
6 circle

1. n кольцо, окружение

in a circle of trees — в кольце деревьев

sleeve circle — шланговое кольцо

2. n сфера, область; круг

a wide circle of interests — широкий круг интересов

squaring the circle — квадратура круга

circle of customers — круг потребителей

large arms circle — большой круг руками

quadrature of circle — квадратура круга

German circle on the end — немецкий круг

3. n круг; группа; кружок

family circle — семейный круг

a circle of friends — круг друзей

leg circle — круг ногой

left circle — круг левой

Mohr's circle — круг Мора

small circle — малый круг

circle of rices — круг рас

4. n круги

ruling circles — правящие круги

right circle — круг правой

great circle — большой круг

circle trip — полет по кругу

German circle — немецкий круг

Russian circle — русский круг

5. n круговорот, цикл

circle of seasons — круговорот времён года

6. n ободок; светящийся круг

circle form — образовать круг

crank circle — круг кривошипа

horary circle — часовой круг

polar circle — полярный круг

area of circle — площадь круга

7. n театр. ярус

upper circle — верхний ярус

8. n арена цирка

9. n ист. округ

concentric circle — концентрический круг

intermediary circle — промежуточный круг

intermediate circle — промежуточный круг

graduated circle — круг с делениями, лимб

small ribbon circle — малый круг с лентой

10. n астр. орбита

11. n астр. круг, сфера

a full circle of the Moon — полный круг обращения Луны

intermediate double circle — промежуточный круг двумя ногами

circle of ordinary shape — шлифовальный круг прямого профиля

opposite double circle — круг двумя ногами в другую сторону

jump into a double leg circle — с прыжка круги двумя ногами

great circle distance — расстояние по дуге большого круга

12. n астр. диск

13. n астр. лог. логический круг; порочный круг

to argue in a circle — выдвигать в качестве доказательства то, что само требует

circle arms backward — круг руками назад

quadrature of a circle — квадратура круга

to go round in a circle — ходить по кругу

circle around — делать круги над аэродромом

German circle entry — немецкий круг с прыжка

14. n астр. мат. круг; окружность

circle zoom percent — точность аппроксимации окружности

circle to land — заход на посадку после полета по кругу

radius of the rolling circle — радиус катящегося круга

leg circle in crouch — круг одной ногой в упоре присев

kick-off circle — центральный круг, круг в центре поля

15. n астр. спец. круговая траектория

circle the hips — круговое движение в тазобедренных суставах

admittance circle — круговая диаграмма полной проводимости

clockwise circle — круговое движение по часовой стрелке

circle the trunk — круговое вращение туловищем

circle trip fare — тариф кругового маршрута

16. n астр. дор. кольцевая транспортная развязка

taffic circle — кольцевое скрещение дорог

traffic circle — кольцевая транспортная развязка

17. n спорт. круг для метания

circle trowel — кельма для обработки изогнутых поверхостей

circle jack — трещотка для крепления бурового инструмента

leg circle travelling — круг двумя ногами с переходом

leg circle on end — круг двумя ногами в упоре поперек

circle the aerodrome — летать по кругу над аэродромом

18. n спорт. оборот

rotated grip grand circle — большие обороты в обратном хвате

dislocation circle — большой оборот вперед в обратном хвате

grand dislocation circle — большой оборот в обратном хвате

stoop circle — оборот в упоре стоя согнувшись ноги вместе

short circle backward to crucifix — оборот назад в крест

19. n спорт. поворот

circle change — поворот кругом

grand circle change — большой оборот с поворотом

radius of the turning circle — радиус поворота

one - half circle — поворот на 180 град

20. n спорт. обыкн. махи на коне

circle the field — круг над посадочной площадкой

half - giant circle — большим махом вперед переворот в упор

21. n спорт. геогр. астр. круг; параллель

Arctic Circle — Северный полярный круг

polar circle — полярный круг

vertical circle — круг высоты, вертикал светила

circle of altitude — альмукантарат

circle of declination, hour circle — часовой круг

German circle dismount — немецкий круг в соскок углом

circle of arms sideways downward — круг руками книзу

backward circle — круг двумя ногами в другую сторону

vertical circle level — уровень вертикального круга

circle of Willis — артериальный круг большого мозга

22. n спорт. геод. лимб, буссоль

reflecting circle — секстан

azimuth circle instrument — угломерный инструмент с лимбом

eccentricity of circle — эксцентриситет лимба

distance circle — дальномерный лимб

circle graduation — деление лимба

circle reading — отсчет по лимбу

23. n спорт. археол. кромлех

24. n спорт. Сёркл

to square the circle — пытаться найти квадратуру круга, пытаться сделать невозможное

25. v двигаться по кругу; вращаться, вертеться; кружиться; кружить

the Moon circles the Earth — Луна обращается вокруг Земли

Drake circled the globe — Дрейк объехал вокруг земного шара

never-ending circle — замкнутый круг

double leg circle — круг двумя ногами

Antarctic Circle — Южный полярный круг

Arctic Circle — Северный полярный круг

circle of declination — круг склонения

26. v окружать

a ring of trees circled the house — дом был окружён кольцом деревьев

27. v передавать или переходить по кругу

the bowl circles — чаша переходит по кругу

upward circle to support — подъем переворотом в упор

arterial circle of iris — артериальный круг радужки

unit circle — единичная окружность; единичный круг

back hip circle mount — подъем переворотом в упор

single circle formation — построение в один круг

28. v циркулировать

to circle among the voters — часто общаться с избирателями

Синонимический ряд:

1. clique (noun) cabal; camarilla; camp; clan; clique; coterie; in-group; mob

2. cycle (noun) continuation; course; cycle; orbit; period; revolution; round; series; succession; tour; turn

3. group (noun) assortment; club; company; group; party; society

4. orb (noun) ball; globe; orb; sphere

5. range (noun) ambit; confines; dimensions; extension; extensity; extent; length; panorama; purview; radius; range; reach; stretch; sweep; width

6. realm (noun) area; bounds; compass; domain; field; realm; region; scope

7. ring (noun) band; circuit; circumference; disk; hoop; perimeter; periphery; ring; round; wheel

8. set (noun) bunch; crowd; gang; lot; push; set

9. go around (verb) circulate; circumduct; circumnavigate; fly around; go around; gyrate; gyre; orbit; revolve; roll; rotate; turn; turn around; wheel

10. hedge (verb) begird; beset; besiege; border; bound; circumscribe; compass; confine; encircle; enclose; encompass; envelop; environ; gird; girdle; hedge; hem; include; loop; ring; round; surround

Антонимический ряд:

square

English-Russian base dictionary > circle
7 U and non-U

Полуюмористическое различие между британскими социальными классами, основанное на употреблении ими определённых слов. В 1954 г. профессор Росс, языковед, написал статью «Лингвистические признаки класса в настоящем английском языке». В ней он идентифицировал ключевые слова, по употреблению которых в речи якобы можно определить, что говорящий принадлежит к U (upper class — высшему классу) или non-U (non-upper class — не к высшему классу). U people, например, говорят luncheon non-U: lunch или даже хуже — dinner; napkin (non-U: serviette); cycle (non-U: bike). Год спустя писательница Нэнси Митфорд (1904—73) написала статью об этой классификации в журнале 'Encounter', тем самым сделав её популярной среди широких слоёв населения. С тех пор англичане находят удовольствие в усовершенствовании этой классификации, рассматривая не только речь, но и образ жизни, одежду, еду и т. п. (Во время интервью по радио романистку Барбару Картленд спросили, исчезли ли социальные барьеры в Британии. Она ответила: «Конечно. Иначе я не говорила бы с такими, как вы!»)

English-Russian dictionary of expressions > U and non-U
8 aristocracy

сущ.

1) аристократия

а) ист. (высший слой дворянства, любого привилегированного сословия; родовитая знать в условиях феодализма)

The aristocracy supported the military dictatorship. — Аристократия поддержала военную диктатуру.

See:

patrimonialism, aristocrat 1), hereditary elite, upper class, nobility, baron, viscount, count 1. 3), duke, earl, knight

б) ист. (государственное устройство, основанное на власти знати)

See:

democracy, archy

в) общ. (высший слой общества; избранные; элита; те, кто занимает привилегирванное положение в чем-л.)

finance aristocrasy — финансовая аристократия

See:

labour aristocracy, labour aristocracy, aristocrat 2), bourgeois

2) упр. аристократизм* (седьмая стадия жизненного цикла организации по И. Адизесу, на которой принимает большое значение получение удовольствие от достигнутого уровня благосостояния и организация еще больше теряет способность к изменениям)

See:

Adizes' life-cycle model

Англо-русский экономический словарь > aristocracy
9 essential

1) существенный

2) эфирное
3) неотъемлемый
4) неотъемлемая часть
5) жизненно
– essential cargo
– essential cycle
– essential non-linearity
– essential oil
– essential services
– essential singularity
– essential strategy
– most essential

essential upper bound — существенная верхняя грань

Англо-русский технический словарь > essential
10 DU

1) Общая лексика: последующий пользователь (Downstream User)

2) Компьютерная техника: Data Unit, Disk Unit, Disk Usage, Disk Used

3) Медицина: Single dose (Dosis Única)

4) Военный термин: Death Unit, Decision Unit, delay unit, depleted uranium, dismounted unit, display unit, distribution unit, documentation unit

5) Техника: display, upper, duplex

6) Шутливое выражение: Dimwitted Underlings

7) Политика: Democratic Underground

8) Сокращение: Detector Unit

9) Университет: University of Dhaka

10) Вычислительная техника: Distribution Unit (MS, MSIE), Disk Used (Unix)

11) Нефть: изделие, не удовлетворяющее техническим условиям (discrepant unit)

12) Иммунология: Д-антигенная (инфекционная) единица (D-antigen unit (Единица измерения содержания антигена, которая показывает количество антигена в одной дозе полиомиелитной вакцины))

13) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: delivery unit

14) Сетевые технологии: University of Denver

15) Контроль качества: discrepant unit

16) Океанография: Dobson unit

17) Электротехника: CY duty cycle

18) Должность: Desktop Underwriter, Dimwitted Underling

19) Программное обеспечение: Disk Utility

20) Единицы измерений: Distance Units

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > DU
11 Du

1) Общая лексика: последующий пользователь (Downstream User)

2) Компьютерная техника: Data Unit, Disk Unit, Disk Usage, Disk Used

3) Медицина: Single dose (Dosis Única)

4) Военный термин: Death Unit, Decision Unit, delay unit, depleted uranium, dismounted unit, display unit, distribution unit, documentation unit

5) Техника: display, upper, duplex

6) Шутливое выражение: Dimwitted Underlings

7) Политика: Democratic Underground

8) Сокращение: Detector Unit

9) Университет: University of Dhaka

10) Вычислительная техника: Distribution Unit (MS, MSIE), Disk Used (Unix)

11) Нефть: изделие, не удовлетворяющее техническим условиям (discrepant unit)

12) Иммунология: Д-антигенная (инфекционная) единица (D-antigen unit (Единица измерения содержания антигена, которая показывает количество антигена в одной дозе полиомиелитной вакцины))

13) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: delivery unit

14) Сетевые технологии: University of Denver

15) Контроль качества: discrepant unit

16) Океанография: Dobson unit

17) Электротехника: CY duty cycle

18) Должность: Desktop Underwriter, Dimwitted Underling

19) Программное обеспечение: Disk Utility

20) Единицы измерений: Distance Units

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Du
12 du

1) Общая лексика: последующий пользователь (Downstream User)

2) Компьютерная техника: Data Unit, Disk Unit, Disk Usage, Disk Used

3) Медицина: Single dose (Dosis Única)

4) Военный термин: Death Unit, Decision Unit, delay unit, depleted uranium, dismounted unit, display unit, distribution unit, documentation unit

5) Техника: display, upper, duplex

6) Шутливое выражение: Dimwitted Underlings

7) Политика: Democratic Underground

8) Сокращение: Detector Unit

9) Университет: University of Dhaka

10) Вычислительная техника: Distribution Unit (MS, MSIE), Disk Used (Unix)

11) Нефть: изделие, не удовлетворяющее техническим условиям (discrepant unit)

12) Иммунология: Д-антигенная (инфекционная) единица (D-antigen unit (Единица измерения содержания антигена, которая показывает количество антигена в одной дозе полиомиелитной вакцины))

13) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: delivery unit

14) Сетевые технологии: University of Denver

15) Контроль качества: discrepant unit

16) Океанография: Dobson unit

17) Электротехника: CY duty cycle

18) Должность: Desktop Underwriter, Dimwitted Underling

19) Программное обеспечение: Disk Utility

20) Единицы измерений: Distance Units

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > du
13 mechanism

1) механизм; устройство

2) механическое действие, механическое воздействие

3) прибор; аппарат

4) вчт. механизм обработки информации; алгоритм

•

mechanism for feeding bar material — механизм подачи пруткового материала, устройство подачи пруткового материала

- acting mechanism
- actuating mechanism
- actuation mechanism
- adaptation mechanism
- adjustment mechanism
- advance mechanism
- advancing mechanism
- alignment mechanism
- articulated mechanism
- automatic adjustment mechanism
- automatic cycle mechanism
- automatic takeup mechanism
- automatic tool handling mechanism
- automatic tool transport mechanism
- auxiliary mechanism
- balanced mechanism
- ball locking mechanism
- bar advancement mechanism
- bar clamping mechanism
- belt-shifting mechanism
- bidirectional mechanism
- blocking mechanism
- brake mechanism
- broach retriever mechanism
- cam mechanism
- causal mechanism
- change mechanism
- changeover mechanism
- chip formation mechanism
- chuck mechanism
- chucking mechanism
- circular dividing mechanism
- clamp mechanism
- clamping mechanism
- clock mechanism
- clutch mechanism
- collet closing mechanism
- collet mechanism
- collet open/close mechanism
- collet-unclamping mechanism
- comparator mechanism
- compound epicyclic gear mechanism
- computing mechanism
- constant feed mechanism
- contention checking mechanism
- control mechanism of the cam following type
- control mechanism
- conveyor chain mechanism
- conveyor mechanism
- cottered mechanism
- coulisse mechanism
- counter mechanism
- counterbalance mechanism
- counting mechanism
- coupling mechanism
- crank mechanism
- crank-and-rocker mechanism
- crank-and-rod mechanism
- crank-driving mechanism
- cranking mechanism
- crank-rocker mechanism
- cross-feed mechanism
- crowning mechanism
- cutting speed control mechanism
- derricking mechanism
- direct tool change mechanism
- disconnecting mechanism
- dividing mechanism
- double crank mechanism
- double rocker mechanism
- double-gripper mechanism
- double-sided loading mechanism
- double-sided pallet loading mechanism
- drag link mechanism
- drawbar mechanism
- drive mechanism
- drive motor mechanism
- driving mechanism
- drop-worm mechanism
- elevating mechanism
- emission mechanism
- endless chain mechanism
- equalizing mechanism
- error-compensation mechanism
- escapement mechanism
- external clock mechanism
- failure mechanism
- feed change mechanism
- feed mechanism
- feed-and-removal mechanism
- feeding mechanism
- feed-pawl mechanism
- fine feed mechanism
- fixed position handling mechanism
- flap mechanism
- force sensing mechanism
- four-link mechanism
- gate mechanism
- gear mechanism
- gear shift mechanism
- Geneva index mechanism
- Geneva mechanism
- Geneva-style mechanism
- Geneva-type mechanism
- gravity feed mechanism
- gripping mechanism
- guard mechanism
- handling mechanism
- handling/transfer mechanism
- height adjustable mechanism
- high-efficiency mechanism
- hinged mechanism
- hoist traverse mechanism
- hoisting mechanism
- hydraulic actuation mechanism
- hydraulic mechanism
- image processing mechanism
- indexing mechanism
- inference mechanism
- inflexible drive mechanism
- inverted slidecrank mechanism
- iteration mechanism
- jaw release mechanism
- joint mechanism
- jointed mechanism
- latch mechanism
- latching mechanism
- lever mechanism
- leverage mechanism
- lift-and-carry transfer mechanism
- lifting mechanism
- lift-table transfer mechanism
- link mechanism
- load mechanism
- load/unload mechanism
- load-and-fire lever mechanism
- load-and-fire mechanism
- loading mechanism
- locking mechanism
- logical mechanism
- longitudinal feed mechanism
- lubrication mechanism
- machine wear mechanism
- Maltese Cross mechanism
- master mechanism
- material-feeding mechanism
- materials transport mechanism
- measurement mechanism
- mechatronic mechanism
- melting-resolidification mechanisms
- motion transmission mechanism
- motor drive mechanism
- multiped walking mechanism
- multistage geared Geneva mechanism
- nonrigid mechanism
- open/close mechanism
- operating mechanism
- oscillating arm-type quick-return mechanism
- oval mechanism
- overload release mechanism
- parallel crank mechanism
- parts feeder mechanism
- path generating mechanism
- pawl-and-ratchet mechanism
- percussion mechanism
- pick-and-place mechanism
- pickup mechanism
- pickup/deposit mechanism
- pillar-type quick-return mechanism
- pin mechanism
- pipe chuck mechanism
- pivot mechanism
- planar mechanism
- plane mechanism
- planetary gear mechanism
- pneumatic mechanism
- polyarticular mechanism
- position-holding mechanism
- position-sensing mechanism
- power actuator mechanism
- power mechanism
- pressure mechanism
- propelling mechanism
- pull mechanism
- pulling mechanism
- push mechanism
- quick-return link mechanism
- quick-return mechanism
- rack mechanism
- rack-and-pinion mechanism
- raise-and-lower mechanism
- rapid traverse mechanism
- ratchet mechanism
- ratchet-and-pawl mechanism
- read head mechanism
- reasoning mechanism
- recording mechanism
- registry actuation mechanism
- registry mechanism
- release mechanism
- relief mechanism
- repeat mechanism
- reset mechanism
- return speed control mechanism
- reversing gear mechanism
- reversing mechanism
- rise-and-fall mechanism
- robotic load mechanism
- robotic load-and-unload mechanism
- roller feed mechanism
- roller wedge mechanism
- rotary mechanism
- safety mechanism
- screw drive mechanism
- selection mechanism
- self-bleed mechanism
- sensing mechanism
- servo-type mechanism
- setting mechanism
- shaft position mechanism
- shift mechanism
- shifting mechanism
- shutdown mechanism
- shut-off mechanism
- shuttle mechanism
- single-lever selection mechanism
- skip-indexing mechanism
- slave mechanism
- slewing mechanism
- slider-crank mechanism
- slider-rocker mechanism
- sliding headstock mechanism
- slotted link mechanism
- slotted link quick-return mechanism
- smart mechanism
- solenoid-operated mechanism
- spatial mechanism
- speed change mechanism
- speed control mechanism
- speed-shifting mechanism
- spherical mechanism
- spring load-and-fire mechanism
- starting mechanism
- steering mechanism
- step mechanism
- stepping motion mechanism
- stop mechanism
- stopping mechanism
- straight wedge mechanism
- stroke position mechanism
- stylus mechanism
- swaging mechanism
- switch mechanism
- table feed mechanism
- table-reversing mechanism
- takeup mechanism
- teleoperator control mechanism
- tilt mechanism
- toggle mechanism
- tool change mechanism
- tool changer swivel mechanism
- tool changing-and-storing mechanism
- tool failure mechanism
- tool gripper mechanism
- tool lock mechanism
- tool select mechanism
- tool storage mechanism
- tool transfer mechanism
- tool-handling mechanism
- tooling mechanism
- tool-positioning mechanism
- torque release mechanism
- tracer mechanism
- transfer mechanism
- translatory mechanism
- transmission mechanism
- travel mechanism
- traverse reading mechanism
- trip mechanism
- turret drive mechanism
- turret mechanism
- twin automatic pallet changing mechanism
- upper pulling mechanism
- vacuum pressure pickup mechanism
- variable ratio mechanism
- vertical feed mechanism
- vibration generation mechanism
- walking mechanism
- wear-prone mechanism
- wedge mechanism
- withdrawal mechanism
- workpiece feed mechanism
- workpiece transfer mechanism

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > mechanism
14 bus

1) шина

2) магистральная шина, магистраль

3) канал ( передачи информации)

4) соединять с помощью шины, осуществлять шинное соединение

•

- address bus
- amputated bus
- arbitration bus
- asynchronous bus
- backbone bus
- backplane bus
- bidirectional bus
- branch bus
- broadcast bus
- bus in
- bus out
- cable bus
- check bus
- clock bus
- common bus
- communication bus
- control bus
- cycle-steal bus
- daisy-chain bus
- data bus
- D-bus
- demultiplexed bus
- digit-transfer bus
- DMA bus
- dual-redundant bus
- expansion bus
- file bus
- front-side bus
- full bus
- global bus
- graphics bus
- ground bus
- HF bus
- high-speed bus
- host bus
- IEC bus
- input bus
- input/output bus
- instruction/data bus
- instrumentation bus
- intercluster bus
- interface bus
- interprocessor bus
- local bus
- lower data bus
- map bus
- mass bus
- memory bus
- multidrop bus
- multimaster bus
- multiple-access bus
- multiplexed bus
- N-bit wide bus
- number transfer bus
- number bus
- output bus
- peripheral bus
- pixel bus
- polled bus
- processor bus
- program bus
- pulse bus
- read bus
- redundant bus
- result bus
- single timeshared bus
- storage-in bus
- synchronous bus
- system bus
- test bus
- three-state bus
- token bus
- undirectional bus
- unified bus
- upper data bus
- video bus
- write bus

English-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > bus
15 valley

долина
valley of denudation денудационная долина
valley of elevation долина поднятия
valley of subsidence долина погружения, долина опускания
acclinal valley долина, расположенная по падению слоев
accordant valley согласная долина, долина, направленная согласно падению пластов
aggrading valley агградирующая долина
anaclinal valley анаклинальная долина (долина, простирающаяся в направлении, противоположном падению пластов)
antecedent valley антецедентная долина
anticlinal valley антиклинальная долина
asymmetric valley асимметричная долина
autogenous valley автогенная долина
barbed valley крючкообразная долина (в результате захвата одной долины другой)
basin valley 1. бассейновая долина 2. заполненная водой долина
bedrock valley цокольная долина (эродированная до коренных пород)
blind valley слепая [закрытая] долина (характерна для карстовых областей)
buried valley погребённая долина
canoe valley ладьеобразная долина
cataclinal valley катаклинальная долина
central valley центральная рифтовая долина
closed valley замкнутая долина
complex valley сложная долина
compound valley составная долина
conclinal valley долина с простиранием, совпадающим с падением пластов
consequent valley консеквентная долина
contact erosion valley контактовая эрозионная долина
contraclinal valley долина с направлением, обратным падению пластов
corrasion valley корразионная долина
cross valley поперечная долина (долина, пересекающая тектоническую структуру под прямым углом)
dead valley брошенная [мёртвая] долина; сухая долина
deflation valley долина развевания
delta-front valley преддельтовая долина, долина внешнего края дельты
diaclinal valley диаклинальная долина
dip valley консеквентная долина
discordant valley дискордантная долина
double valley двойная долина
drowned valley затопленная долина
dry valley сухая долина
dune valley проход между дюнами
early-mature valley почти зрелая [недозрелая] долина
engrafted valley приращённая [присоединённая] долина
entrenched meander valley врезанная меандрирующая долина
erosional valley эрозионная долина
eskerine valley озовая долина
extended valley удлинённая долина
fan valley долина (подводного) конуса выноса
fault valley сбросовая долина
fault-angle valley приразломная долина
fault-block valley долина грабен
fault-line valley приразломная долина
filled valley долина заполнения
fiord valley долина фиорда
flat-bottomed valley плоскодонная [U-образная] долина
flood valley пойменная долина
fully-mature valley вполне зрелая долина
geoanticlinal valley геоантиклинальная долина
geoclinal valley геоклинальная долина
glacial valley ледниковая долина
glacial carved valley ледниковая врезанная долина
glacially sculptured valley долина ледникового происхождения
goblet valley бокаловидная долина
graded valley сглаженная долина
grading valley долина с выработанным профилем равновесия
half-blind valley полуслепая долина
hanging valley висячая долина
homoclinal valley моноклинальная долина
hook valley крючкообразная долина; долина с крючкообразным притоком
hourglass valley 1. долина, по форме напоминающая песочные часы 2. бокаловидная долина
immature valley незрелая долина
incised valley врезанная долина
ingrown meander valley долина расширяющихся меандр
insequent valley инсеквентная долина
interior valley внутренняя долина (замкнутая депрессия с ровным дном и крутыми стенками)
intermittent-stream valley 1. долина пересыхающего потока 2. долина, не имеющая непрерывного потока
intermontane valley долина, заложенная в межгорной депрессии
intrenched meander valley врезанная меандрирующая долина
joint valley трещинная долина
karst valley карстовая долина
kettle valley котлообразная долина; долина ледниковой котловины
late-mature valley долина в стадии поздней зрелости
lateral valley продольная долина
lenticular valley чётковидная долина
longitudinal valley продольная долина
mature valley зрелая долина
median valley долина срединного хребта; рифтовая долина
monoclinal valley моноклинальная долина
multicycle valley полицикличная долина
obsequent valley обсеквентная долина
offshore valley шельфовая долина
old valley древняя долина
open valley открытая долина
original valley первичная долина
overdeepened valley переуглублённая долина
oversteepened valley сверхкрутая долина
paraclinal valley параклинальная долина
partly open valley полуоткрытая долина
perched glacial valley висячая ледниковая долина
pirate valley долина-захватчик, долина-перехватчик, долина перехвата
pocket valley 1. долина с крутыми склонами в верховьях и по бортам и почти плоским дном 2. закрытая долина
poison valley долина смерти (долина, в пределах которой идёт выделение вулканических газов)
ramp valley рамповая долина (долина, ограниченная крутопадающими взбросами)
resequent valley ресеквентная долина
resequent rift-block valley ресеквентная рифтово-глыбовая долина
resequent tilt-block valley ресеквентная наклонно глыбовая долина
residual valley остаточная долина
rift valley 1. тект. рифтовая долина (вытянутая долина, образовавшаяся в результате опускания блока земной коры между двумя параллельными разрывами); крупный грабен 2. мор. геол. глубокая рифтовая долина, центральная рифтовая долина (на гребне срединно-океанического хребта шириной 25—50 км, обычно с расчленённым рельефом дна)
rift-block valley рифтово-глыбовая долина
river valley речная долина
sea valley подводная долина
senile valley долина, находящаяся в стадии дряхлости
simple valley простая долина
solution valley долина растворения, карстовая долина
steep-sided valley долина с крутыми бортами; долина с крутыми склонами
strath valley страт-долина (1. долина реки с плоским дном 2. долина, оставленная рекой, русло которой было нарушено, перехвачено или тектонически разорвано)
stream valley речная долина
strike valley долина по простиранию слоев
structural valley структурная [тектоническая] долина
submarine valley подводная долина, подводный каньон
submerged valley погружённая долина; затопленная долина
subsequent valley субсеквентная долина
superimposed valley эпигенетическая [наложенная] долина
synclinal valley синклинальная долина
tectonic valley долина тектонического происхождения
through valley сквозная долина
transverse valley поперечная долина
tributary valley долина притока
trough valley трог. троговая [корытообразная, U-образная] долина
tunnel valley ледниковая долина (выпаханная ледником); канава под ледником, прорытая талой водой по тиллю
two-cycle [two-story] valley двуцикличная долина
upland valley долина нагорья
upper valley верховье долины
U-shaped valley U-образная долина
V-shaped valley V-образная долина
wineglass valley бокаловидная долина
W-shaped valley W образная долина
young [youthful] valley юная долина, долина в стадии юности
Y-shaped valley Y-образная долина

English-Russian dictionary of geology > valley
16 integral

1) интеграл || интегральный

2) неотъемлемый

3) суммарный

4) целостный; цельный

•

integral about a closed path — интеграл по замкнутому контуру

integral between the limits a and b — интеграл в пределах от a до b

integral from a to b — интеграл в пределах от a до b

integral in phase space — интеграл по фазовому пространству

integral of — интеграл от

integral over — интеграл по

integral taken along line — интеграл вдоль контура

integral taken over — интеграл по; интеграл, распространенный на

integral taken over one cycle — интеграл по замкнутому контуру

integral taken over space — интеграл по объёму, интеграл по пространственной области

integral taken round closed circuit — круговой интеграл, интеграл по замкнутому контуру

integral taken through surface — интеграл по поверхности, поверхностный интеграл

the term outside the integral — внеинтегральный член

to compute the value of an integral — вычислить интеграл

to make a shaft integral — изготавливать вал как единое целое

to take integral of — брать интеграл от, интегрировать

- absolutely convergent integral

- abstract integral

- action integral

- additive integral

- algebraic integral

- alternating integral

- area integral

- automorphic integral

- auxiliary integral

- backward integral

- bilinear integral

- binomial integral

- bivariate normal integral

- bounded integral

- Cauchy integral

- circulation integral

- complete integral

- complex integral

- conditionally convergent integral

- configuration integral

- continual integral

- contour integral

- convergent improper integral

- correlation integral

- cosine integral

- cylindrical integral

- definition integral

- deviation integral

- direct integral

- discontinuous integral

- dispersion integral

- distributive integral

- double-periodic integral

- Duhamel integral

- elementary integral

- essential integral

- exchange integral

- flat integral

- formal integral

- fractional integral

- function space integral

- functional integral

- fundamental integral

- fuzzy integral

- generalized exponential integral

- generalized integral

- group integral

- group invariant integral

- harmonic integral

- holomorphic integral

- horizontal integral

- hyperbolic integral

- hyperelliptic integral

- hypergeometric integral

- hypersurface integral

- incomplete elliptic integral

- inner integral

- integral of fractional order

- integral of motion

- interval integral

- invariant integral

- inversion integral

- iterated integral

- kernel integral

- Lesbegue integral

- limited integral

- line contour integral

- logarithmic integral

- loop integral

- lower integral

- majorant integral

- matrix integral

- maximal integral

- multiperipheral integral

- multiplicative integral

- nonelementary integral

- nontangentially bounded integral

- normal integral

- normalized integral

- n-tuple integral

- numerical integral

- one-dimensional integral

- order preserving integral

- ordinary integral

- oriented integral

- parametric integral

- particular integral

- phase space integral

- plane integral

- Poisson integral

- primitive integral

- product integral

- pseudoelliptic integral

- quadrivariate integral
- quadruple integral
- quasibounded integral

- real integral

- reducible integral

- regular integral

- relative integral

- repeated integral

- resolvent integral

- sample integral

- scalar integral

- scalar line integral

- scattering integral

- semispectral integral

- single integral

- singular integral

- smooth integral

- space integral

- space-time integral

- spherical integral

- statistical integral

- Stieltjes integral

- strictly integral

- strong integral

- subadditive integral

- summable integral

- superposition integral

- tabulated integral

- termwise integral

- threefold iterated integral
- topological direct integral
- trigonometric integral

- ultraelliptic integral

- uniform integral

- uniformly singular integral

- unitarity integral

- upper integral

- variational integral

- vector-valued integral

- vertical integral

- volume integral

- weak integral

English-Russian scientific dictionary > integral

См. также в других словарях:

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Cycle de développement — Il existe différents types de cycles de développement entrant dans la réalisation d un logiciel. Ces cycles prendront en compte toutes les étapes de la conception d un logiciel. Sommaire 1 Les grandes familles 1.1 Modèle en cascade 1.2 Cycle en V … Wikipédia en Français
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Upper Harbour Bridge — The Upper Harbour Bridge is a motorway bridge (technically two bridges as of 2006), which spans over a reach of the Waitemata Harbour and connects Hobsonville (in Waitakere City) and Greenhithe (in North Shore City), New Zealand. It is also an… … Wikipedia

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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upper cycle

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